Improving antibody affinity through <i>in vitro</i> mutagenesis in complementarity determining regions

Wei Ye; Xiaoyu Liu; Ruiting He; Liming Gou; Ming Lu; Gang Yang; Jiaqi Wen; Xufei Wang; Fang Liu; Sujuan Ma; Weifeng Qian; Shaochang Jia; Tong Ding; Luan Sun; Wei Gao

doi:10.7555/JBR.36.20220003

Volume 36 Issue 3

May 2022

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The Journal of Biomedical Research > 2022 > 36(3): 155-166. > DOI: 10.7555/JBR.36.20220003

Wei Ye, Xiaoyu Liu, Ruiting He, Liming Gou, Ming Lu, Gang Yang, Jiaqi Wen, Xufei Wang, Fang Liu, Sujuan Ma, Weifeng Qian, Shaochang Jia, Tong Ding, Luan Sun, Wei Gao. Improving antibody affinity through in vitro mutagenesis in complementarity determining regions[J]. The Journal of Biomedical Research, 2022, 36(3): 155-166. DOI: 10.7555/JBR.36.20220003

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Improving antibody affinity through in vitro mutagenesis in complementarity determining regions

1.
Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
2.
The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
3.
Department of Biotherapy, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China

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Corresponding author:
Wei Gao and Luan Sun, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China. Tel/Fax: +86-25-86869471/+86-25-86869471, E-mails: gao@njmu.edu.cn and sunluan@njmu.edu.cn
Received Date: January 02, 2022
Revised Date: February 25, 2022
Accepted Date: March 01, 2022
Available Online: March 27, 2022

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Abstract

Abstract

High-affinity antibodies are widely used in diagnostics and for the treatment of human diseases. However, most antibodies are isolated from semi-synthetic libraries by phage display and do not possess in vivo affinity maturation, which is triggered by antigen immunization. It is therefore necessary to engineer the affinity of these antibodies by way of in vitro assaying. In this study, we optimized the affinity of two human monoclonal antibodies which were isolated by phage display in a previous related study. For the 42A1 antibody, which targets the liver cancer antigen glypican-3, the variant T57H in the second complementarity-determining region of the heavy chain (CDR-H2) exhibited a 2.6-fold improvement in affinity, as well as enhanced cell-binding activity. For the I4A3 antibody to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, beneficial single mutations in CDR-H2 and CDR-H3 were randomly combined to select the best synergistic mutations. Among these, the mutation S53P-S98T improved binding affinity (about 3.7 fold) and the neutralizing activity (about 12 fold) compared to the parent antibody. Taken together, single mutations of key residues in antibody CDRs were enough to increase binding affinity with improved antibody functions. The mutagenic combination of key residues in different CDRs creates additive enhancements. Therefore, this study provides a safe and effective in vitro strategy for optimizing antibody affinity.
- antibody engineering,
- phage display,
- affinity maturation

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References

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Improving antibody affinity through in vitro mutagenesis in complementarity determining regions