Familial cardiac myxoma with multifocal recurrences: a case report and review of the literature

We report a case of myxoma with multiple recurrences in both the atrium and ventricle in a 26-year-old woman five years after the surgical removal of left atrial myxoma. Her 52-year-old mother had a similar medical history. To our knowledge, this was the first familial case who suffered multifocal cardiac myxoma recurrences without any sign of the myxoma complex. Based on our understanding of the mechanism of recurrence, the approaches to prevent the recurrence, and markers to predict recurrence, we propose that multifocal recurrences, as reported herein, may result from a combination of familial predisposition and multifocal onset. The bi-atrial surgical ap-proach and transesophageal echocardiography are preferred for patients with recurrent cardiac myxomas, espe-cially for those with multiple recurrences and familial myxoma. Immunological and genetic screenings may help to identify family members at risk for developing this disease.